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Maritz Rebellion
The Maritz Rebellion or the Boer Revolt or the Five Shilling Rebellion or the Afrikaner Rebellion,〔General De Wet publicly unfurled the rebel banner in October, when he entered the town of Reitz at the head of an armed commando. He summoned all the town and demanded that the court shorthand writer take down every word he said, among which he complained: "''I was charged before (Magistrate of Reitz ) for beating a native boy. I only did it with a small shepherd's whip, and for that I was fined 5/–''". On hearing the contents of the speech, General Smuts christened the rising as "the Five Shilling Rebellion". (). Other sources place this incident in the town of Vrede on 28 October 1914 - see, for example, P.J. Sampson, ''The Capture of De Wet: the South African Rebellion, 1914'' (1915), pp. 145-146.〕 occurred in South Africa in 1914 at the start of World War I, in which men who supported the recreation of a Boer South African Republic rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa. Many members of the government were themselves former Boers who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended twelve years earlier. The rebellion failed, and the ringleaders received heavy fines and terms of imprisonment.
== Lead-up ==
At the end of the Boer War twelve years earlier, all Boer soldiers had been asked to sign a pledge that they would abide by the peace terms. Some, like Deneys Reitz, refused and were exiled from South Africa. Over the following decade many returned home, and not all of them signed the pledge upon returning. At the end of the second Boer War, those Boers who had fought to the end were known as "''bittereinders''" ("bitter enders"); by the time of the rebellion, those who had not taken the pledge and wanted to start a new war had also become known as the "bitter enders."
A German journalist who interviewed the former Boer general J.B.M. Hertzog for the ''Tägliche Rundschau'' wrote:
Paraphrasing the Irish Nationalists' "England's misfortune is the bitter enders' opportunity," the "bitter enders" and their supporters saw the start of World War I as that opportunity, particularly since England's enemy, Germany, had been their old supporter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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